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Exchange, Normalization, and Denuclearization (E.N.D.) initiative

A Window of Opportunity? How Trump Can Succeed by Meeting Kim Jong Un in 2026

Key Takeaways:- Trump’s potential 2026 meeting with Kim Jong Un—either en route from Beijing in April or at the Shenzhen APEC Summit—could reopen diplomatic space after a year of stalled U.S.–DPRK engagement and rising North Korean alignment with Russia and China.- Although denuclearization is off the table, Trump could still pursue a historic peace declaration among the Korean War belligerents, creating a fr...

By Mark P. Barry [Associate Editor Emeritus, International Journal on World Peace]
December 10, 2025
Pragmatism amidst defiance: The challenges of re-engaging a different North Korea

Key Summary:- The Lee Jae Myung administration’s North Korea policy, centered on the “Exchange, Normalization, and Denuclearization” (E.N.D.) Initiative, seeks a pragmatic return to dialogue and peaceful coexistence. - While the initiative attempts to break the cycle of failed denuclearization-first talks by prioritizing low-level engagement, the current geopolitical environment and North Korea’s – dra...

By Eric J. Ballbach [Korea Foundation Fellow, German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik), Berlin, Germany]
December 4, 2025
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