Pragmatism amidst defiance: The challenges of re-engaging a different North Korea
Key Summary:- The Lee Jae Myung administration’s North Korea policy, centered on the “Exchange, Normalization, and Denuclearization” (E.N.D.) Initiative, seeks a pragmatic return to dialogue and peaceful coexistence. - While the initiative attempts to break the cycle of failed denuclearization-first talks by prioritizing low-level engagement, the current geopolitical environment and North Korea’s – dra...
By
Eric J. Ballbach [Korea Foundation Fellow, German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik), Berlin, Germany]
December 4, 2025