Key Takeaways: - During President Vladimir Putin’s visit to Pyongyang in June 2024, it was revealed that bilateral trade had already grown by 54% year-on-year in the first five months of 2024.- The People’s Economic Planning Law significantly reinforced state control over the processes of economic planning, implementation, and ex post review.- This shift reflects a strategic policy choice to prioritize regim...

Key takeaways:- As an impartial body, the Panel conducted investigations into cases regardless of their geographic location or scale. Responding to inquiries from the Panel can be justified as cooperation with a neutral international body and as part of the implementation of Security Council resolutions.- In October 2024, 11 like-minded states (Australia, Canada, France, Germany Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand...

Key Takeaways:- The disbandment of the UN Panel of Experts marks an unprecedented governance breakdown in the DPRK sanctions regime, weakening monitoring structures while leaving all legal obligations fully intact.- The enforcement responsibility now shifts more heavily onto individual states and coalition mechanisms such as the MSMT.- Sustaining effective pressure on the DPRK requires coordinat...